The eyes are composed of three layers of tear film – mucus, aqueous fluid, and fatty oil. A problem with any of these layers could cause dry eyes. Eyelid gland inflammation, autoimmune disease, and hormonal changes are possible culprits to the damage of the said layers. Increased tear evaporation and decreased tear production may also cause dry eye disease or DED.
An increase in tear evaporation may be caused by eyelid problems, deficiency in vitamin A, smoke, eye allergies, and less blinking. The tear production may decrease due to eye sensitivity, medications, other disorders, and aging.
Many people are diagnosed with DED, and this number is rising. Some of the factors that contribute to the upward trend are the following:
Eye health awareness campaigns
DED is more common than people think, and it affects many individuals around the world. It could affect the quality of life, but the good news is that it’s treatable. Due to a lack of awareness, those with dry eyes may not know the symptoms, so they fail to get prompt medical attention. There are now programs by the government and other organizations that promote awareness of eye health. Companies in this industry also do their part in increasing awareness. For example, Lumenis partnered with American singer and actress Mandy Moore to raise awareness about DED and their OptiLight Lumenis treatment. It’s a light-based therapy that can effectively treat dry eyes. Since people are more aware of dry eyes, they are more likely to seek medical attention should they see any of its signs or to check the health of their eyes in general.
Availability of treatment
The wide range of treatments available is also a factor in the increase in dry eye diagnoses. Since more people are now aware of the treatments that they can get, they are more willing to have their condition checked. The treatments range from eye drops to the use of light-based therapy. Depending on the severity of the disease, the doctor will recommend a treatment that is best for the situation. Early diagnosis is crucial as treating DED in an early stage is easier compared to severe cases. For example, a patient with a mild condition may be okay with eye drops, while one with a more severe case may need light therapy or surgery.
The growing older population
People 50 years old and above are more prone to having DED. Common symptoms include sensitive, blurry, itchy, burning, and red eyes. As people grow older, the lacrimal gland produces fewer tears, contributing to dry eyes. Moreover, older people usually take medications like those for arthritis, diabetes, and hypertension, which may increase the risk of dry eyes. Menopausal women may also develop DED due to hormonal imbalance.
Higher computer and smartphone usage
Smartphone and computer usage is a norm. Unfortunately, many people spend excessive time on their screens, which also increases the likelihood of DED because of less blinking.
Dry eye diagnoses may be on the rise, but on the positive side, more people are diagnosed early instead of not being treated due to a lack of awareness. It improves the chance of recovery.
