Nowhere to Sit in San Francisco
Public seating has been removed in tacit surrender to homelessness
On a recent sunny day in San Francisco, Rebecca Scalfaro left her office to eat lunch and read a few pages of a John Steinbeck novel in Civic Center Plaza in front of City Hall. As usual, Scalfaro, a petite 48-year-old who works in accounting, found a seat along one of the low-lying concrete walls that surround the square patches of grass on the plaza.
“They’re very uncomfortable,” she said as she sat on the eight-inch high ledge and tried to rearrange her legs.
“A bench would be great,” she said. “Or even if it wasn’t a bench, just some chairs would be really nice.”
All around the city, San Franciscans can be found seated on steps, curbs, retaining walls and on the grass — but not on benches. In a tacit surrender to the overwhelming problem of homelessness, the city has simply removed public seating over the last two decades. Benches in Civic Center Plaza were removed in the 1990s. Those in nearby United Nations Plaza were ripped out in the middle of the night in 2001, to discourage the homeless from congregating and camping there.
“Because San Francisco has been unwilling to deal with homelessness in a serious way, we have instead removed public seating from virtually the entire city,” said Gabriel Metcalf, the executive director of the San Francisco Planning and Urban Research Association, an urban policy research group. “It’s such a sad statement and it makes the city that much less livable for everyone.”
Despite its problems, some people are now speaking out for public seating. In the last two years, a movement has been growing to create small, lively public spaces with places to sit. Inventive miniparks, called parklets, are popping up in parking spaces around the city, some of them with permanent seats, albeit uncomfortable ones — to discourage prolonged sitting. Food-truck operators bring temporary tables and chairs with them. Public rights-of-way are being transformed into plazas, like the Castro’s Jane Warner Plaza, an erstwhile intersection where residents now sit at tables sipping coffee in the sunshine.
“The city is focused on improving the public realm and that’s demonstrated by projects like parklets,” Christine Falvey, a mayoral spokeswoman, said.
This resurgence has reignited the debate over public space and homelessness. Scott Wiener, a supervisor who represents the Castro, has introduced legislation to prohibit people from smoking, camping or parking shopping carts in Jane Warner Plaza and nearby Harvey Milk Plaza.
The legislation, which Wiener said could be expanded to cover parklets across the city, has been met by an outcry from some old-time Castro leaders and advocates for the homeless.
“It’s really ridiculous, it’s stirring up the anti-homeless sentiment,” said Jennifer Friedenbach, executive director of the Coalition on Homelessness.
“It targets a class of people that may find themselves sleeping in a plaza or pushing a four-wheel shopping cart.”
Falvey said “the city has been doing significant work on homelessness. In the last seven years, we have moved nearly 15,000 people off the streets.”
San Francisco city planners are now working on plans that could reintroduce some outdoor seating along Market Street, the city’s major thoroughfare, from Civic Center to the Embarcadero. Granite benches were removed from Market Street in the 1990s after business owners complained about homeless people, according to a 2010 study.
Neil Hrushowy, an urban designer for the city who is working on the Market Street project, said that past planning based solely on “the fear of quote-unquote undesirables” was not good for urban design — and did not actually work.
“There is a pretty broad agreement that depriving the public of seating is not going to solve the problem of who has access to public spaces,” Hrushowy said. “The question is, how can we happily coexist?” Indeed, the homeless still hang out in United Nations Plaza, a 2.6-acre pedestrian mall whose benches were removed 10 years ago. On a recent sunny day, Wayne Biggs, 61, was in the plaza waiting for a truck that offers free lunches.
Biggs, who said he was homeless, was neatly dressed and seated on a cement retaining wall next to a large suitcase filled with his belongings.
“There used to be benches here,” he said. “They even had these dividers so people couldn’t sleep on them. Now there’s just this concrete. It’s cold and there’s always pigeon poop on it.”
This article also appears in the Bay Area edition of The New York Times.
Correction: A previous version of this article misstated the size of United Nations Plaza. It is 2.6 acres, not 2.6 miles.







M L
San Francisco has become a mecca for vagrants. We spend hundreds of millions a year on Jennifer Friedenbach's long discredited schemes and didactic lecture tour, with nothing to show for it but urine, bed bugs, empty liquor bottles and broken car windows. Its time to enforce basic behavior protocols like every other city on the planet. Until we do, every bench will come with a stench.
Bob Offer-Westort
The notion that San Francisco is a magnet for homeless people is not supported by the City's own research on the issue. It would be at best difficult to calculate any version of the City's budget in which "hundreds of millions a year" are spent on any combination of programs that could be described as a Coalition on Homelessness "scheme", & the City spends *no* money on Friedenbach's "didactic lecture tour" as the Coalition is entirely privately funded. San Francisco actually already enforces anti-sleeping & anti-drinking laws more than most other cities. Numbers aren't in for 2011, yet, but SFPD's numbers for 2010 indicate 13,000 citations & arrests for "quality of life" violations by homeless people. Differences of opinion are one thing, but it would be good to ground the claims you make in actual facts.
R T
If you spend any amount of time downtown in and around the tenderloin, civic center, etc, it is obvious that SF is being overrun by homeless people. I walk past the tenderloin school at van ness and Turk daily. In an alcove of what could otherwise be a very nice school, I daily see people defecating, urinating or sleeping. It is truly sad what this ity has become. When I travel to other cities, I fail to see this same type of aggressive population. I truly believe that the difference are the non-profits that have sprung up that make homelessness and serving them an actual industry here.
Robert Montgomery
Hear, hear!
Homelessness is an industry that has managed to wrap itself in the protections of activist lawyers who make it impossible for The City to make anyone accountable for their actions. Both groups carrying enough lobbying power to ruin any politician who crosses them. It is why we continue to have elected officials with weak spines and bad policies giving away good money after bad to the failed programs.
What our city has been doing does not work. But it makes a lot of people money (and some of them obscenely rich) so long as we keep the homeless pawns on the street.
Bob Offer-Westort
I can only think of two people who get anywhere near obscenely rich of homelessness, and one of them just got transferred to DPW. I just checked the 990s of the two biggest shelter providers in San Francisco (you can find these on GuideStar.org). The better paid of the two makes $147,000. That feels like a lot of money to me, but it's hardly "obscenely rich". Who do you think qualifies for the "obscenely rich" category?
Robert Montgomery
It would be the consultant that is hired by the homeless advocacy groups that lives in Tiburon and drives a Porsche to work. Conveniently, he's not on the "payroll" so his fees don't show up.
I wish I could remember his name, but the Chronicle did a nice piece on him a year or two ago.
nandro n
"The notion that San Francisco is a magnet for homeless people is not supported by the City's own research on the issue."
This is an absolute falsehood. Show me the research. Why has Operation Homeward Bound worked so well? The percentage of born and raised San Franciscans that comprise are homeless population is miniscule. I have worked as a social worker in the city and I can tell you from professional experience that a HUGE percentage of mentally ill folks come to SF for the well-known and well-established free services that trump anything available in the state and probably the country. The know about the Mayor's Office programs, they know about the Access and the CBHS system... They know about the Mercy housing offerings. They may be mentally ill but they are not dumb. They know where the resources and they try to get them. Its human nature.
We are most definitely a magnet and have been as long as I have lived/worked here...
Bob Offer-Westort
I don't think anyone actually knows what percentage of homeless San Franciscans were born & raised here, & I actually don't know where to find that percentage for housed San Franciscans, either. But that doesn't really make the point you want to make.
The US Census Bureau says 61.1% of San Franciscans immigrated here form outside of California. I don't think it tells us what percentage of San Franciscans immigrated here from somewhere else within California, but obviously, even without that particular datum, the best information we have is that a goodly majority of current San Franciscans are non-native.
In comparison, the best data (the only data) we have on homeless people is the City's homeless count and survey from 2011. According to that, 78.3% of homeless San Franciscans were living here before they were homeless. 66.1% had lived here for five or more years before becoming homeless. You can find this in the City's own report, which is a PDF, freely available on-line.
Your argument to the contrary is based purely in anecdote. Can you articulate a reason why you think that either the Census Bureau or the City's homeless count and survey is wrong?
Finally, Homeward Bound really doesn't work in the majority of cases. Other cities have identical programs. We really just end up with a national shell game. If you're truly a social worker, then you're familiar with good old-fashioned Greyhound therapy. That said, the few cases for which Homeward Bound does work do, I think, make it worthwhile.
U Ragazzu
"Public seating has been removed in tacit surrender to homelessness"
The removal of seats is more like an attack on the homeless.
Richard Rothman
Bring back the benches so that people can sit and lunch in the park near City Hall.
R T
You bring them back and I guarantee them will get little use from people taking their lunch break etc.
Robert Montgomery
Yeah! We all want to sit next to a sleeping vagrant who hasn't showed in a year!
Nyet Aryan
This is a tough topic. I apologize for being long-winded. I'm absolutely in favor of doing what can be done to help the homeless. Of course, we also need to understand that they are a varied group. Concentrating on those with mental and physical problems, we need to get them off of the streets. I don't favor punitive or harsh treatment, but it is no longer acceptable to have them just out there the clients of their useless advocacy groups. The human waste, strewn garbage, and the associated litter and vandalism is unacceptable in a civilized community. San Franciscans clearly are reaching the end of their tether on on this issue. Those who are homeless because of job losses and economic reversals also need assistance. Moreover, homelessness has to be seen as a regional or statewide responsibility, since any community that is known to be more generous to the homeless will become the region's magnet for them and have to absorb a disproportionate number of them. I don't really know if I have the answers, but anyone who walks throughout the city or takes its public transportation is aware of how disconcerting and difficult it is to have to encounter, more frequently then ever, the homeless, particularly those who are suffering from mental illness. Just flushing them is utterly inappropriate. Speaking for myself, I am willing to pay more to do something effective and humane. Directing one's anger at the homeless is wrong, although I am catching myself more and more often seething at having to deal with some poor, foul-smelling person dragging his stuff on to a bus or smelling urine and feces or picking up garbage from turned over garbage cans (due to their foraging for food). Having to listen to their current, so-called advocates, however, is even more insufferable, since they seem mostly interested in perpetuating the problem so they can run their ineffectual "nonprofits."
nandro n
"Moreover, homelessness has to be seen as a regional or statewide responsibility, since any community that is known to be more generous to the homeless will become the region's magnet for them and have to absorb a disproportionate number of them.
Exactly 100% correct. WE are the giant sucking sound when it comes to the homeless....
Jerry Pritikin
From the time of the Haight-Ashbury in the late 60s,rules about over night sleeping in Golden Gate Park found ways to curtail homeless people from taking over city property. I think Supervisor Weiner is right in trying to stop the disorder due to absence or nonrecognition of authority. Harvey Milk Plaza and other locations within the city should be available for political rallies and camping only with permits. The Castro is a well known tourist point of interest, as well as a main transfer spot for thousands via MUNI and a fine shopping area or place to live for both gay and non-gay residents. For too many years 6th Street downtown allowed vagrants to hamper the flow of people doing business or passing through there. Those so called advocates have made a living using city property at the expense of a peaceful solution to the problem.
Melvin Baker
We've tried pretty much every creative solution we can to getting the chronic drug addicted or mentally ill homeless off the streets.
It seems a more humane policy would be to pass legislation making it far easier to involuntarily detain the mentally ill against their desires if necessary. We can clearly see that the policy of returning the severely mentally ill to the community doesn't work because we lack the supportive structures to encourage them to take their meds and come indoors where they are safe, warm and fed.
For those concerned about the civil rights issues involved I have this question: Which is more compassionate, forcing the severely mentally ill to live in a mental hospital where they are cared for and treated or allowing them the "freedom" to wander the streets, defecate in public, go without shelter and rummage through garbage cans for their meals?
This says nothing about those who are thrown onto the streets because of economic hardship. In most cases social workers will tell you that people under those circumstances will access and use the numerous private and public programs available and will find themselves back into housing in a fairly short amount of time.
nandro n
I agree with this 100% but its not a simple matter of city ordinances. You're coming across both state and federal law and a delicate matter that has been debated over for years up to the supreme court level...
Rob Anderson
It's as if the city---and people like Metcalf, who should know better---has Attention Deficit Disorder and forgets the last ten years in San Francisco. Doesn't anyone remember why Gavin Newsom was elected mayor in 2003? It was all about homelessness and Care Not Cash, which was denounced by the city's left as a war on the homeless. Nevertheless, Newsom and the city persisted in implementing Care Not Cash and other homeless programs, like Homeward Bound and supportive housing.
These policies have had significant success, but the commenters seem to be under the illusion that San Francisco---or any major city in the country---can figure out a permanent solution to homelessness.
SF attracts not only high-end tourists but also low-end substance abusers and the walking wounded of all types. Short of sealing our borders, we can't stop marginal people from entering the city and ending up homeless on our streets and in our parks.
The Great Recession has created still another wave of homeless people leaving the impression that the city is and has done nothing to deal with the problem, which is unfair and untrue.
http://district5diary.blogspot.com/2011/11/homelessness-in-sf-groundhog-day.html
high hatsize
Public benches should not be returned. As has been noted, they will become noxious beds for the homeless just as removing the fencing around the fountain will return it to its use as a homeless toilet.
Union Square was redesigned into a sterile, flat platform for events because the older (and MUCH more attractive) park had become a homeless dormitory. More than a decade onward, the park is, at least, useful to residents and tourists whereas the old one had become disgusting.
One of the design factors that we will have to keep in mind for public venues is that they must NOT be attractive to the homeless. The problem hasn't changed in decades and will not in the future. That's just a fact of life.
Parenthetically, that commentator who described Newsom's "Care Not Cash" as a "success" is sadly mistaken. It was always a disingenuous political gambit supported by social workers (if at all) because it diverted money from the homeless to their own profession. And the public, of course, loved the idea that we would stop giving money to bums. No one expected it to produce anything and it didn't. Like Prop. 63 revenues, the money disappeared into the maw of social welfare organizations, private and public, increasing the professional census and payroll and doing ZIP for the target population. Hence the perseveration of the homeless.
Rob Anderson
I don't recognize the Union Square described by High Hat. Seems like a huge improvement over the derelict, unwelcoming space that preceded it.
Nor is HH's description of Care Not Cash accurate. CNC stopped handing out monthly lump sums to the homeless, since that policy achieved nothing but enabling them to continue to live on our streets and in our parks. The Controller and the Grand Jury have tracked the success of CNC and other homeless policies:
http://www.sfcontroller.org/ftp/uploadedfiles/controller/reports/CareNotCash_20080430.pdf
http://www.sfsuperiorcourt.org/Modules/ShowDocument.aspx?documentid=1985
The city has in fact used the money that used to go to the homeless for housing for the homeless.
I didn't mention Project Homeless Connect, an innovative approach that has been copied by other cities.
My favorite program is Homeward Bound, which gives the homeless a bus ticket back whence they came and has gotten more than 4,000 homeless off our streets at a minimum cost.
http://www.sfexaminer.com/local/city-s-homeless-programs-touted
Helene Gelber-Lehman
Dealing with homelessness by removing park benches is like dealing with child abuse by taking away the child's toys. Neither action is getting at the core of the problem and essentially "blames the victim", with no chance of success at a remedy.
Until we get proper social services and mental health care to assist those who are "homeless" who -- if not burdened with a mental or trauma-based disability before they became homeless, are now-- we will simply be contributing to the problem.
Homelessness isn't just an economic issue, it is a larger, broader issue of how we devalue [or value] human life based on the size of their bank accounts [or lack thereof].
Our entire country has lost it's moral compass and must get it back before our national image becomes permanently tarnished and more or our most vulnerable citizens, veterans and children are lost.
Health care professionals dispense pills as if they were some magic fix for lifelong tragedies and trauma that requires compassion, love, understanding and re-education, not pills. The only ones benefiting from our current health-care system are the pharmaceutical companies that sell the drugs and the Doctors who irresponsibly dispense them, absent any attempt at understanding or dealing with the underlying problems because proper care isn't a "covered benefit" and never will be as long as Health Care continues to be a "BUSINESS".
Adrienne Kristine
Don't forget San Francisco is also punishing the disabled because we have no place to sit either. None of my bus stops have seating or kiosks (Sutter and Larkin, Post and Larkin, Post and Polk, Geary and Larkin). Thank goodness my walker has a fold-down seat I can use while waiting for a bus or to sit downtown.
Stitch_94133
Wait, UN Plaza is 2.6 miles long? Really?
Zusha Elinson
Thanks for the catch. Should have said 2.6. acres. It's now been fixed.
SF Soma
San Francisco is not only over run by homeless, grifters who aren't homeless and many criminals, but also to the most ineffective county government in the country. Somewhere between $300-500 million is spent by SF on Homelessness. Not all of that is SF taxpayer money, some is Federal and grants. Do you think you're getting you're money's worth? Most of the politicians like things just the way they are due to special interests especially in District 6. Can't wait to retire, rent my condo out at the obscene rents that one can get today and get the hell outta here. I'm very grateful for the 28 years I've lived here, but the deterioration is just too much to live with and watch with seemingly no hope for an effective leader to turn it around.
Charles Marsteller
I'm a cynic when it comes to using sidewalks for mini parks as it is, I suspect, a ruse to argue for increases in densification without corresponding proximate traditional park development. It would be simple for the City to declare our sidewalks backfilled as 'mini parks' as suddenly being counted as open and park space to meet PROP M and FAR requirements. You will recall how some projects count unaccessible rooftop 'parks' to allow for increased height. That is what is behind the concept of mini-parks on sidewalks--and I doubt if we will have that discussion, that it will be an administratively "done deal" without discussion.
Roland Salvato
Chas, you are right...I'm sure it's going in to the formula right now. Better we bring it up first.
M L
Charles please become a reporter for this here thingy. ;-)
Roland Salvato
Homeless congregate because they can, and will continue to congregate because they can. No program or outreach will quickly change this landscape, one that has developed over decades and decades. Homelessness and drug/alcohol abuse is part of our system that we need to deal with at its root.
Therefore I think the observation by Neal Hroshvny or someone in the article that "we need to compromise" is probably the most intelligent approach to a quick solution.
If benches are put back, the homeless will congregate. So the rest of us who would have lunch outdoors must OCCUPY THE BENCHES.
Michael Boyd
The City of San Francisco is named after Saint Francis of Assisi (born Giovanni Francesco di Bernardone; 1181/1182 – October 3, 1226) was an Italian Catholic friar and preacher. He founded the men's Franciscan Order, the women’s Order of St. Clare, and the lay Third Order of Saint Francis. St. Francis is one of the most venerated religious figures in history.
Francis was the son of a wealthy cloth merchant in Assisi, and he lived the high-spirited life typical of a wealthy young man, even fighting as a soldier for Assisi. While going off to war in 1204, Francis had a vision that directed him back to Assisi, where he lost his taste for his worldly life. On a pilgrimage to Rome, he begged with the beggars at St. Peter's. The experience moved him to live in poverty. Francis returned home, began preaching on the streets, and soon amassed a following. His order was endorsed by Pope Innocent III in 1210. He then founded the Order of Poor Clares, which was an enclosed order for women, as well as the Third Order of Brothers and Sisters of Penance. In 1219, he went to Egypt in an attempt to convert the Sultan. By this point, the Franciscan Order had grown to such an extent that its primitive organizational structure was no longer sufficient. He returned to Italy to organize the order. Once his organization was endorsed by the Pope, he withdrew increasingly from external affairs. In 1223, Francis arranged for the first Christmas manger scene. In 1224, he received the stigmata, making him the first person to bear the wounds of Christ's Passion. He died in 1226 while preaching Psalm 141.
On July 16, 1228, he was pronounced a saint by Pope Gregory IX. He is known as the patron saint of animals, the environment and one of the two patrons of Italy (with Catherine of Siena), and it is customary for Catholic and Anglican churches to hold ceremonies blessing animals on his feast day of 4 October.
Based on some readers comments under the leadership of Ed Lee and his Pacific Heights Mafia uber-rich buddies the new motto and theme song for the City is the Dead Kennedys song "Kill the poor", http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sgpa7wEAz7I *** ENJOY
R T
Thanks for the religious lesson. I am all for showing compassion and helping those less fortunate, but I am also for urine and feces free streets, the ability to walk to work or shop downtown without being harassed for money, and the ability for my kid to play in a playground where the sandbox didn't have to be removed due to needles in it.
Michael Boyd
RT,
What about the new theme song though...do you like it?
R T
Never was a Dead Kennedy fan. Just never got into punk. More classic rock- Zepplin, Stones, etc. with some hair bands from the 80's.
Wendy Beck
Public amenities have been disappearing for years now and it's frightening how much we are willing to give up because of "homeless" people or druggies. I remember when there were public pay phones for use on every other corner. Then we were told they were taken out of use because drug dealers used them to make connections. So now that every drug dealer has a cell phone? Now we must all have mobiles and pay more. Those who don't have them or can't afford them, have no place to make a call. We used to have working water fountains, public toilets and even public baths (way before my time). But think about how everything is privatized and how little is truly done for the "public good".
nandro n
“Because San Francisco has been unwilling to deal with homelessness in a serious way, we have instead removed public seating from virtually the entire city,” said Gabriel Metcalf, the executive director of the San Francisco Planning and Urban Research Association, an urban policy research group. “It’s such a sad statement and it makes the city that much less livable for everyone.”
This is a ludicrous statement. No city in the world can afford to "deal" with the homeless of the entire country in a serious way. Are homeless problem is not that of born-and-raised San Franciscans. It is thousands of people flocking here from around the state and country. No city can afford to subsidize the problems of the whole nation. Its totally absurd to blame the city on this...