Meet Foster Kids at the Crossroads with Support
Luck shouldn't be the only way to healing and progress for traumatized youth
Jennifer Rodriguez left her paranoid schizophrenic mother, became homeless at 10 years old and managed to skirt the child welfare system for two years. At 12, after being robbed at gunpoint, she called her social worker and spent the next six years in various group homes. By the time she was 18, she'd had it with the system. She packed all of her things into a plastic garbage bag, left her last placement and set up camp behind a 7-Eleven dumpster for the next two months.
I visited Rodriguez last week in the downtown offices of the Youth Law Center, where she's now an attorney, working to improve California's foster care system. But with AB 12 (legislation that would extend foster care services to age 21) finally sitting on Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger's desk awaiting an autograph, the last thing Rodriguez wants is for people to think that her professional outcome is typical for foster kids.
"I'm still in disbelief about where I landed," she said. "There are services out there, but all those services are impacted. I got here by luck."
Sadly, luck is a key for thousands of California foster kids. When it comes to building public support for policy and resources for children, the issues of foster youth tend not to grab the kind of headlines we see whenever a child is abducted by a random stranger and murdered.
Rodriguez told me that she only got off the street after applying to Job Corps, an education and training program for young people. The program, she said, never should have accepted her, based on factors related to her record, but she'd been through so many placements while coming up in the system that the program's administrators simply gave up checking her background and let her in.
She also said the supply of job and housing programs for foster youth falls well short of the demand and that not all are designed to accommodate the very specific needs and circumstances of individual kids. AB 12, she believes, could help change that.
"Job Corps, for example, is an institutional setting," she said. "AB 12 allows young people to make choices about living with roommates, transitional housing, with a relative. And if the relationship with that relative is tenuous, they still have back-up support."
AB 12 takes advantage of federal matching funds that would drastically reduce state spending on California's Kinship Guardianship Assistance Program (KinGAP), which provides financial support to families who assume legal guardianship for their related foster children. Under AB 12, the KinGAP savings would then be reinvested in transitional support, such as housing and education, for the 4,500 foster youth who age out of the system annually. Equally important, it would extend case management services to kids who have grown up in institutions or foster homes, many of whom strike out on their own at 18 and struggle with drugs, violence, homelessness, mental health issues and unemployment. For those kids, AB 12 would provide a support system to which they could return.
AB 12 addresses the kind of issues that generate a lot of concern and action from foster youth and those who work to help them, but not much public profile or citizen outrage. And while the bill has enjoyed strong bi-partisan support, it's made its way to the governor's desk largely on the backs of activists and child welfare professionals--and foster kids willing to self-advocate.
"Foster kids are a group that few seem to care about," Rodriguez told me. "Not until a kid dies in foster care."
The day after my chat with Rodriguez, Schwarzenegger signed Chelsea's Law, a bill named for 17-year-old Chelsea King, who, along with 14-year-old Amber Dubois, was murdered by registered sex offender John Gardner. The new law allows the state's "worst" sex offenders to be, in some cases, incarcerated for life.
News of the signing seemed to highlight Rodriguez's point that most people don't get up in arms and force pro-child/anti-crime legislation unless it's attached to the photograph of a dead child.
While the governor has not publically taken a position on AB 12, we can be certain about one thing: random child murders have led to heaps of legislation over the years: Megan's Law, Jessica's Law, Amber Alerts and the like. When Richard Allen Davis (a wanted parole violator) kidnapped and strangled 12-year-old Polly Klaas in 1993, the Petaluma victim's suddenly ubiquitous likeness provided the juice that helped put three-strikes sentencing into California law books.
After the governor signed the Chelsea King bill Thursday, I received messages from friends and colleagues, asking if I was thrilled about the new law.
"Mixed feelings," I told them. I have more confidence in the incarceration component than the sex offender treatment options that were added to the bill along the way. But had anyone asked, I would have added that locking up dangerous predators for life is a good thing, and that the bill, in that regard, is a step in the right direction; incarceration provides undeniable prevention value. Another way to promote child safety and wellbeing, however, is to protect and nurture our kids so ruthlessly that they never become the kinds of adults we need to keep in cages, like the one who killed Chelsea King. That we do by giving abused and neglected kids the tools and support they need to heal.
AB 12 is predicated on the idea that older foster youth are not yet fully formed adults, but kids still healing from various traumas. They're at a crossroads, and it behooves us to meet them there. The bill wasn't born out of a single heinous crime, but it could help prevent others and give foster kids the chance for a better life.
We'll know by September 30 whether the governor sees that, too.
I too have mixed feelings – but mine are about AB12 and all the bandaids like it around the country.
Of course, if the only options are AB12 or the status quo, AB12 is, to use my favorite child welfare phrase, the less detrimental alternative. But if the bill becomes law and people actually think they’ve solved these problems, it’s a dangerous delusion.
You can’t undo the enormous harm done by years of foster care with some transitional housing and counseling, and certainly not with more foster care. The only way to really solve the problems of children “aging out” of the system is to stop so many from ever “aging in.”
In other words, stop taking so many children whose parents are not paranoid schizophrenics, not brutally abusive and not hopelessly addicted. Stop taking children from all those parents whose only crime is poverty. Stop taking children from parents who have real problems, but nothing that couldn’t be solved with far better options than destroying the family. Two studies of more than 15,000 cases found that children placed in foster care typically fared worse even than comparably maltreated children left in their own homes.
The problem is particularly acute in San Francisco, which tears apart families at one of the highest rates in the state.
Another major study of foster care alumni found that only 20 percent were doing well as young adults. The same study estimated that, were foster care made absolutely perfect, that percentage would rise to 42 percent. Worth doing – but that means the foster care system would be churning out walking wounded “only” three times out of five instead of four.
It all reminds me of a scene in Catch 22, or at least my memory of that book, which I haven’t read in a very long time. One of Yossarian’s fellow soldiers, Snowden, is wounded during a bombing run. Yossarian works hard to save him, by treating a leg wound. All through the book, there are flashbacks to this scene. But Yossarian doesn’t realize that this isn’t the wound killing Snowden. He has a much more serious, but hidden wound to the chest, a huge, gaping, hideous wound that goes untreated while Yossarian treats the wrong wound. So Snowden dies.
Wrongful removal is the huge, gaping wound in the child welfare system that we are systematically ignoring in favor of self-indulgent feel good half-measures like more foster care.
Richard Wexler
Executive Director
National Coalition for Child Protection Reform
http://www.nccpr.org
I think most of us agree that taking kids away from their families and communities is less than ideal. California has been moving away from out-of-home care and toward community-based care, such as Kinship, for the last ten years. Just look at all the residential programs that have closed around the Bay Area since 2000.
That shift in treatment strategy has great potential, but thus far it's implementaion hasn't been subject to much scrutiny. I've talked with enough CPS workers, attorneys, and other child advocates to see that too many kids are removed from dangerous or dysfunctional biological parents only to be placed with equally dangerous or dysfunction relatives. I've also listened to too many youth whose greatest beef with the system is that it sent them back to live with the people who abused them.
Certainly this is not always the case. It's true that parents who are inadequate because of poverty, ignorance or drug problems often have the potential to overcome their deficiencies. We get a lot of bang for the buck working with such people and when we provide the proper support and supervision, we can often safely reunite families. But some parents are too brutally abusive or mentally unstable for children to be left in their charge. And some of their kids literally have no one in their lives who can care for their needs and keep them safe. That's where foster care and residential treament are important.
Having worked in residential treatment, I've had a close-up look at how bad some programs can be. And yes, too many kids are abused in foster care. I once asked a professional mentor of mine if we were really doing kids any favors placing them in foster homes when the system is so dysfunctional. He replied that that was like saying you shouldn't go to the hospital when you break your leg because doctors commit malpractice. I think he was right. For children living in abusive homes, every day is an emergency. Some are in such jeopordy that they need to be removed, at least for a time, and we need to be able to respond to that. The question shouldn't be, "Do we send kids with nowhere to go into a broken foster care system?" but rather, "How do we make foster care and residential treatment so safe and healing and nurturing and effective that it's no longer a question.
Placing kids with relatives or non-related loved ones is an optimum strategy, as long as we seriously evaluate the ability and willingness of those people to protect and nurture the child. I'm not convinced we're doing enough of that yet, but I hope we get there. San Francisco's Edgewood Center for Children and Families, the oldest and one of the largest agencies in California, is working on some potentially game-changing new community-care programs that could seriously address these issues.
Ultimately, there probably shouldn't be a system-focused debate between community care and foster care. If we treat each child and each case as being unique, as we should, there won't ever be a one-sze-fits-all solution.
Thanks for pointing out the causes and not just the results of our current system. Where does Portect.org stand on this bill?
Chevron gouged $24 billions in excessive profits in 2008, as per www.tyrannyofoil.com. Schwarzenegger should put an excessive profits tax on these profits, instead of protecting the oil corporations from fair taxation, then, there would be sufficient public funds for all the vulnerable, people programs. Big business lost the fight to eliminate domestic violence funding, so now they are coming back with a vengeance. There is no funding provision for battered women shelters in the May Revise. Schwarzee picks on the most vulnerable and not on corporate tax "deadbeats."








Meals on Wheels' Funding in Jeopardy
Counties Differ Radically on Handling of Juvenile Offenders
Muddled Oversight Yields Repeated Violations at Home for Troubled Youth
Rescuing 4 Children, but Struggling for Assistance
A Safety Net for Kids in the Tenderloin